This dissertation was written as a part of the MSc in Energy Systems that I attended at the
International Hellenic University.
Climate change has already become one of the biggest problems of the world since its first
emergence is the early seventies. It determines the environmental policy of all governments
around the globe which announce various measures to tackle it. Global warming is evident in
the planet since one could observe it from many serious changes in climate, such as ocean sea
rise, ice melting, enhanced and frequent precipitation and increase of the air temperature. It is
projected with the best case scenario that the global air temperature will raise by 2oC up to
2100 above pre- industrial level. Above this threshold, many irreversible and catastrophic
changes of climate are probable to emerge.
The polluted air is everywhere. It can cause many serious diseases, such as lung cancer and
destruction of the lung tissue. Greenhouse gases such as CO2 are emitted both naturally and
from human induced actions such as the combustion of conventional fossil fuels such as oil,
natural gas and coal. Greenhouse gases accumulate into the upper layer of the atmosphere and
they absorb the thermal radiation radiated from the earth’s surface. Later on, they re-radiate
this thermal radiation in all directions and thus, they trap the earth’s heat below atmosphere
and air temperature is being increased.
At this point, I am sincerely grateful to Prof. Eftichios S. Sartzetakis who supervised the
writing of my thesis and who shared his views and knowledge on a number of issues related
to this thesis. Finally, I am using this opportunity to express my gratitude to the faculty and
everyone within the International Hellenic University who supported me throughout the
course of this Energy Systems MSc.
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