This dissertation was written as part of the MA in the Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean Studies at the International Hellenic University. The purpose of the present Master dissertation will be the examination of the Greeks who lived in the area of Kars during the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century and how the events in the area of Caucasus led to their forced migration to Batumi and later to their final settlement in Greece. Additionally, the present thesis will examine the population movements of the Greeks from the area of Pontus to Caucasus and Transcaucasia during the end of 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The thesis focuses into the first decades of the 20th century when the results of the retreat of the Russian army led to the population movement of the Greeks from the area of Pontus towards Kars. The complex political and military events which took place had as a result the abandonment of the areas the Greeks lived. It will be examined how the Greek government answered to the requests of the Greek committees of Caucasus to their requests for aid and the work the Greek Mission did for the refugees in Batumi and in the area of Kars. There will also be presented the work of author Nikos Kazantzakis performed for the Greek Mission as one of its members and also his plans for the final settlement of the Greeks of Kars in Macedonia. Finally, it will be presented how the Greek refugees left from Batumi and settled in the areas of Macedonia, mostly, invigorating the existing Greek population and increasing with the passage of time the local economy.
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