This dissertation was written as part of the MSc in Energy Law, Business, Regulation
and Policy at the International Hellenic University.
In the European Union there are more than 1.500 cooperatives of Energy
Communities and lots of institutions, programs, expertise and knowledge. Still the
legislation of the countries is complex and varies as is not harmonized with the
Directive, which means that the evolution of Energy Communities had different starts
and surely have confronted different obstacles at their course and so different are
their factors of success. Their course guides to the energy unity of the European Union
and strengthens its political coherence, as they are a part of Europe's historical
evolution against the rigid policies of the states, and symbolize not only the hopes of
the energy transition but also the transition to a new type of democracy characterized
by the 4th industrial revolution and the Artificial Intelligence.
Particularly It is examined the Clean Energy Package regarding Energy
Communities, in comparison to the present legislation and conditions over Denmark,
Germany, France, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain. Furthermore are exposed the
challenges and opportunities of Energy Communities through the factors of
Technology, Finance, Legislation, Administration and Policy with a special reference to
the case of Greece.
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