This dissertation was written as a part of the MSc in Energy Building Design at the International Hellenic University. This work gives an insight into the current water status globally and desalination technologies capacity used worldwide then further explore different prospects for enterprise solar water desalination technologies to tackle the se-vere water scarcity issue facing the world. It also gives a comprehensive vision into the latest published works on several solar-based desalination technologies, including solar thermal and membrane technologies, as well as discusses the cost drop of photovoltaic and the use of it for desalination (PV-ED and PV-RO). Moreover, it highlights desalination technologies along with an economic analysis and cost comparison of conventional desalination methods with different solar energy-based techniques. This work modeling a solar-powered desalination technology, specifically RO-PV of an existing plant, will also compare the area of PV panels required to cover the same electrical demand in different regions around the Mediterranean coast at the arid and semi-arid areas in order to produce freshwater using the RO desalination technology.
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