CO2 capturing is not a new concept; it has been highly worked on the last 30 years, developed certain solutions and possibilities to tackle environmental issues and climate change. Yet, such technologies have become a hot topic, especially in the last years due to the introduction of the term “net-zero emissions”, described in Paris Agreement. With the current behavior pattern of the major industries and global super-powers, it is very much expected that the industry’s and society’s need of energy will still be very much dependent on fossil fuels, at least for a while more. Net-zero emissions concept refers to a holistic need in the change of environmental policy, economic interest and social benefit; it identifies that a transition era towards a sustainable energy development is realistic and necessary, even within this behavior pattern. Because of this necessity, this concept means “to capture the same (or more) amount of CO2 as released to the atmosphere”, through newly emerging Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) technologies.
The scope of this dissertation have focused on the application of CCUS technologies in different industries (such as cement, steel and many heavy industry branches, which are highly CO2 intensive) and to find out possible products/ by-products to be created that could be used in various different sectors such as agriculture in the form of fertilizers, to products that could be considered/ sold as high-purity chemicals, and even to power generation. With that said, this study reviews and focuses on CCUS technologies, their technical details, their possible (or existing) applications in industry, their necessity to achieve sustainability goals against climate change specified by scientific data and transnational treaties.
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