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The subject of the present work deals with the history of Trebizond during its course from a city with mainly military and transit significance for the Byzantine Empire to its emergence in the glorious capital of the Great Komnenoi that mesmerized from 1204 to 1461. In the present work, an attempt is made to identify, collect and examine by chapter all the information that composes the fascinating complexity of this Empire. Starting from the geographical conditions that made the city unique and commercially competitive and continuing to its bloom during the reign of the Great Komnenoi and to the foreign diplomatic relations that were developed with many different countries, facts that inevitably led the Empire’s transformation into a multicultural crossroads.