This dissertation was written as part of the MSc in Bioeconomy: Biotechnology and
Law at the International Hellenic University.
Lung cancers (LC) have been a major health problem worldwide due to their insidious
and highly metastatic nature. Radiation and chemotherapy therapies have not
succeeded to minimize the significant annual death toll. LCs exhibit high oncogenic
variability and multi causative pathogenesis, as well as considerable drug resistance.
Even though the three primary LC oncogenes, KRAS, TP53 and EGFR have been
identified and well characterized, the mutational variance is high and pathogenesis is
associated with several other oncogenes and induced altered biochemical
mechanisms. Based on the above difficulties prognosis, diagnosis and therapy
strategies have been gradually converting from conventional methodologies to up to
date new research concepts and rely more and more on contemporary advanced
technology and techniques in order to produce a breakthrough against the disease.
The armory against LC includes the holistic research concept of OMICS technology in
whole genome approaches coupled with advanced computational methods of
biostatistics, bioanalysis and bioinformatics, advanced developments in nucleic acid
sequencing techniques such as Next Generation Sequencing and Single Cell
Sequencing, genome editing techniques as CRISPR/Cas9 system, immunotherapy
modern methods as the Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR-T cells, as well as a deeper
and more advanced knowledge in cellular functioning at the molecular level including
non-coding RNA molecules with biomarker potential and epigenetic mechanisms.
Herein the sum of the above mentioned advances and current knowledge will be
examined in some detail, as per their applications in cancer state and more extensively
in lung cancers.
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