Dardamani, Dimitra

2023-05-02T11:25:43Z

https://repository.ihu.edu.gr//xmlui/handle/11544/30216

Root knot nematodes

Rhizobacteria

Use of microorganisms as biological control agents against root knot nematodes

2023-05-01

free

School of Economics, Business Administration & Legal Studies, MSc in Sustainable Agriculture and Business

This dissertation was written as part of the MSc in Sustainable Agriculture and Business at the International Hellenic University. Root knot nematodes (RKNs) of the Meloidogyne genus pose a major threat to plant growth and present a significant burden for agricultural production. Conventional chemical agents such as fumigants and toxins have been widely used yet RKNs resistance, toxicity and environmental burdens have stimulated research to investigate alternative treatments. Herein in a review form an extensive examination of recent literature summarizes the benefits of utilizing biocidals, that is specific bacteria and fungi that maintain a symbiotic relationship with the plants. More specifically Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Arbuscular Mycorhizal Fungi (AMF) have been shown to exhibit outstanding nematocidal effects in a broad range of plants studied, by inhibiting nematocidal populations in all development stages of nematode maturation (eggs, J2s, adult females). From the bacterial species the most studied are the Bacillus strains and Pseudomonas and from the fungi the Trichomonas, yet several more strains and species have been investigated with encouraging results as well. In this study recent research has been evaluated and categorized, since application, methodology and plant environment differ. Further, utilizing either conventional and/or new generation techniques, and in vitro as well as in vitro studies, researchers have utilized various combinations of these agents, extracts, solvents, and even genetically engineered, modified, and fused strains in order to increase yield but to decipher the biochemical mechanisms by which the symbiotic microbes aid plant growth as well. Types of soil, environmental and ground temperatures and specific root microenvironment conditions are under extensive experimental studies to increase overall efficacy. Even though a lot remains to be done in terms of formulating application methods, establish methodological formats and categorize specific strains and species to specific plants, overall, the use of biological agents to counter nematode infections seems extremely promising and a win – win situation whereas plant growth quality and quantity wise is coupled with substantial environmental benefits.

Monokrousos, Nikolaos

Ntali, Nikoleta

ihu