This dissertation was written as part of the MSc in Sustainable Agriculture and Business at the International Hellenic University. This study analyzed the impact of soil organic carbon and fertilizer use on Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE), Carbon footprint (CO2) , and Nitrous Oxide (N₂O) footprint in agriculture within the context of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy and Green Deal for sustainable agriculture and GHG reduction, including reduced fertilizer use. We analyzed 27 crops from the Imathia valley in Greece, including cotton, maize, and tomato, and collected data from farmers through questionnaire from Google Docs. The data were input into the Cool Farm Alliance Tool to calculate GHG emissions, N₂O emissions, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE). Compost was added to some scenarios to evaluate its impact and alignment with CAP and GD goals. Six scenario cases were studied: Scenario 1 used data collected from farmers, with 100 % fertilizers and 100 % soil organic matter (SOM); Scenario 2 increased SOM by 20 %; Scenario 3 involved the application of 20 tons ha-1 of fully aerobic compost containing 1 % N, resulting in an additional 200 kg N/h in the soil; Scenario 4 reduced the use of fertilizers by 20 %; Scenario 5 both reduced fertilizers by 20 % and increased SOM by 20 %; and Scenario 6 combined a 20 % reduction in fertilizers with the application of 20 tons ha-1 of fully aerobic compost. We hypothesized that the yield of the crops would be the same for all the scenarios.
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