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This dissertation study was written as a part of the MSc in Energy Systems at the International Hellenic University and investigates the existence of causal relationship between economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions (CO2 hereafter) and energy consumption for the sample period 1971-2011 within a global framework. In a first step, several unit root tests are implemented to detect the order of integration for each one of the time series, with or without breaks. All the variables are integrated of order one. In a second step, a number of tests are applied in order to discover the existence of cointegration in the series. The results reveal that no cointegration is evident. For the examination of causality, the well-known parametric causality tests of Granger, Toda-Yamamoto and Hsiao are used. According to the results, for the former there is causality running from energy consumption to CO2 emissions with no feedback, while for the latter there is unidirectional causality once more running from energy consumption to CO2 emissions but also from GDP to energy consumption as well as to CO2 emissions. With regard to the last test, unidirectional causality is evident running from energy consumption to CO2 emissions and from CO2 emissions to GDP, whereas bi-directional causality exists between energy consumption and GDP. Eventually, two non-parametric causality tests are employed in order to identify possible non-linear causal relationships. At this point, I would like to express my sincere thanks to Professor E. Sartzetakis for supervising this study. Moreover, I would like to thank Dr. T. Dergiades who helped me with the E-Views software and supported me during the elaboration of this present dissertation.