JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it.
dc.contributor.author
Zannetos, Michalis
en
dc.date.accessioned
2015-06-23T13:38:51Z
dc.date.available
2015-09-27T05:58:27Z
dc.date.issued
2015-06-23
dc.identifier.uri
https://repository.ihu.edu.gr//xmlui/handle/11544/493
dc.rights
Default License
dc.title
ICT Infrastructure for the Smart Grid
en
heal.type
masterThesis
heal.keyword
Smart power grids
en
heal.keyword
Dissertations, Academic
en
heal.language
en
heal.access
free
el
heal.license
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
heal.recordProvider
School of Science and Technology, MSc in Information & Communication Technology Systems
heal.publicationDate
2011-09
heal.bibliographicCitation
Zannetos Michalis, 2011, ICT infrastucture for the smart grid ,Master's Dissertation, International Hellenic University
en
heal.abstract
The objective of this work is to investigate the Smart grid concept and especially the ICT infrastructure of the Smart Grid. Smart metering is one of the most important characteristic of the smart grid since it enables real time monitoring of critical parameters. After all it is a fact that ‘if you cannot measure it, you cannot improve it!’ Smart Metering provides only raw data. The benefit gained by the Smart Grid is that through data processing and applications of algorithms, the raw data are transformed into useful information which in return through long term observations and information exchange can turn into knowledge. Problem solving will go from detect and react to predict and prevent. Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is comprised of a smart meter which reports the total home electricity power consumption to the utility company on a 15 minutes interval. That means 4 times per hour, 96 times per day or around 3000 times per month. If the consumer requires more precise control then an agent can be installed in each household which can manage almost all appliances individually. Different protocols and standards ensure that each device communicates to the house agent in order to report its consumption as well as receive control on/off commands. Today’s trend is IP based protocols that operate either wirelessly or through the electric wiring. The Agent reports the overall electric power consumption to the area Supervisor which in turn reports the neighborhood electricity consumption to the utility company. Protocols like BPL, LTE, WiMax, xDSL are used for this purpose. When the utility company faces congestion load, it can sent orders to neighborhood individually (through the Supervisors) to reduce their electric consumption. The Supervisors then order the agents to reduce the house consumption through actuating devices individually.
-v-
I would like to thank Professor Ioannis Vlachavas for the giving me the opportunity to develop my analytical skills and to gain knowledge on the subject. I would also like to thank the Smart IHU team which is comprised from researchers Dr. Aggeliki Tsioliaridou, Mr. Athanasios Stavropoulos and Dr. George Koutitas for all their support throughout the whole dissertation. Finally I would like to thank my parents for being supportive trough my first thesis writing.
en
heal.tableOfContents
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... IV
CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................... VII
1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1
2 LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................. 5
2.1 WHAT IS THE SMART GRID? ............................................................................... 5
2.2 BASIC SMART-GRID ARCHITECTURE ............................................................................. 6
2.3 MAIN COMPONENTS AND DEFINITIONS ............................................................... 7
2.3.1 The Agent ............................................................................................. 7
2.3.2 The Supervisor .................................................................................... 8
2.3.3 Smart Electricity Meter ....................................................................... 9
2.3.4 Electricity Provider ............................................................................ 11
2.4 MAIN SERVICES OF THE SMART-GRID ......................................................................... 11
2.4.1 Monitoring and control ...................................................................... 12
2.4.2 Energy Management ........................................................................ 13
2.4.3 Load Management ............................................................................ 15
2.4.4 Failure detection ................................................................................ 17
2.4.5 Back up mode .................................................................................... 18
2.5 ELECTRICITY TARIFFS OPTIONS ....................................................................... 20
2.5.1 TEMPO Tariff ..................................................................................... 20
2.5.2 EJP Tariff ............................................................................................ 20
2.5.3 BASE Tariff ......................................................................................... 21
2.5.4 ARCHITECTURE FOR PRICE SIGNAL MANAGEMENT .......... 21
2.6 ICT FOR THE AGENT .............................................................................................. 22
2.6.1 Requirements for the Agent ................................................................. 22
2.6.2 Agent Specifications ......................................................................... 24
2.6.3 Agent-Appliances interfaces ............................................................ 25
-viii-
2.7 ICT FOR THE SUPERVISOR ............................................................................. 30
2.7.1 Requirements for the Supervisor ................................................... 30
2.7.2 Supervisor Specifications ................................................................ 31
2.7.3 Electricity Company - Supervisor interface .................................. 32
2.7.4 Web services ..................................................................................... 32
2.8 KEY INITIATIVES ............................................................................................... 34
2.8.1 Home Gateway Initiative (HGI) ....................................................... 34
2.8.2 ZigBee Alliance ................................................................................. 35
2.8.3 Internet Protocol for Smart Objects (IPSO) ......... Σθάλμα! Δεν έχει οριζηεί ζελιδοδείκηης.
2.8.4 HomePlug Alliance ........................................................................... 37
2.9 NETWORKS AND PROTOCOLS .......................................................................... 37
2.9.1 X10 ...................................................................................................... 42
2.9.2 LonWorks ........................................................................................... 43
2.9.3 HomePlug .......................................................................................... 45
2.9.4 Wi-Fi .................................................................................................... 48
2.9.5 Zigbee ................................................................................................. 51
2.9.6 6LoWPAN .......................................................................................... 53
2.9.7 DSL ....................................................................................................... 54
2.9.8 BPL ....................................................................................................... 55
2.9.9 GPRS-3G-UMTS-HSPA-LTE ................................................................... 56
2.9.10 WiMax ................................................................................................. 57
3 PROBLEM DEFINITION ...................................................................................... 58
3.1 NETWORK LOAD SHEDDING (I.E. ROLLING BLACKOUT) .................................. 58
3.2 CONTRACTUAL LOAD SHEDDING ..................................................................... 58
3.2.1 Time-of -Use ...................................................................................... 58
3.2.2 Dynamic Pricing ................................................................................ 59
3.2.3 Direct Load Control .......................................................................... 59
3.2.4 Paid-for-Performance mechanism ................................................. 60
3.3 LOAD MANAGEMENT ACTIONS THAT CAN BE TAKEN AT THE MICRO LEVEL (END USER) ........................................................................................................................ 61
3.3.1 Individual load shaving .................................................................... 61
-ix-
3.4 LOAD MANAGEMENT ACTIONS THAT CAN BE TAKEN AT MACRO LEVEL (UTILITY OR SERVICE PROVIDER) ........................................................................................... 64
3.4.1 Individual Load Shifting to avoid peak loads ................................ 64
4 CONTRIBUTION .................................................................................................... 66
4.1 MEASUREMENTS .............................................................................................. 66
4.1.1 Academic Assistants’ Office Fan Coil ............................................ 66
4.1.2 Corridor Fan-Coil ............................................................................... 67
4.1.3 Course office fan-coil ........................................................................ 69
4.1.4 Water-Chiller ...................................................................................... 70
4.1.5 Fridge .................................................................................................. 71
5 CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................... 72
6 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................... 75
en
heal.advisorName
Vlahavas, I.
en
heal.committeeMemberName
Vlahavas, I.
en
heal.committeeMemberName
Vrakas, D.
en
heal.committeeMemberName
Mitianoudis, N.
en
heal.academicPublisher
School of Science &Technology, Master of Science (MSc) in Information and Communication Systems
en
heal.academicPublisherID
ihu
heal.numberOfPages
95
heal.fullTextAvailability
true
This item appears in the following Collection(s)
Related Items
Browse
-
All of IHU Repository
-
This Collection
My Account
Statistics
©International Hellenic University.
