This study covers two folds of a specific scientific and technical activity:
an excavating project. The first fold is the legal framework (international,
European and national) regarding the international cultural heritage and its
protection and the second fold is the economic and managerial part of such an
endeavour.
The first fold is divided in two chapters: the first covers the international
part of the study, while the second deals with the European and national legal
framework. In the first chapter the evolution of the protection of the global
cultural heritage through international agreements is presented. This
presentation is divided in two periods : In the first period, starting with the
first steps (Madrid – 1904 and Athens – 1931 Conferences), and ending with
Venice Charter (1964), the Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property
in the Event of Armed Conflict (the Hague Convention, 1954) with its two
Protocols has a more detailed introduction. In the second period (the last fifty
years), all the important international Charters, treaties and agreements are
introduced, with the Convention concerning the Protection of World Cultural
and Natural Heritage (The World Heritage Convention, 1972) and the
UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects
(Rome, 1995) have the most extended presentation.
Following, in the second chapter, the Council of Europe and its
contribution is examined. The European Conventions and Treaties regarding
cultural heritage (The Paris Convention - 1954, The Granada Convention –
1985, the European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological
Heritage (London, 1969, revised in Valletta, 1992) are presented, as well as
the European Union regulation framework, which mainly focuses on the
prevention of illegal export of cultural goods. The second chapter ends with
the presentation of the relative Greek legal framework consisting of laws,
presidential decrees and ministerial decisions. The cornerstone of this legal
framework is the Law 3028/2002 "For the protection of Antiquities and
Cultural Heritage in General", which is presented in more details.The second part of the study starts with a description of the different
categories of an archaeological excavation and their possible scenarios,
regarding the main actor and the provider of the financial resources. The two
major types (systematic and rescue excavations) are described in details in two
different chapters. The first category is presented, articulated in stages, steps
and procedures. The presentation of the second one is based on the
Memorandum of Understanding and Co-operation signed between the
Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the Ministry of Infrastructures,
Transportation and Networks in 2011 regarding the prerequisites, conditions
and procedures for the implementation of archaeological excavations and
research arising during (or due to) the construction of major public projects.
The final chapter of the study provides the remarks and conclusions that
arise from it. These are focused on the main subjects covered in the study,
namely, the international legal framework, the effectiveness of the Greek legal
and administrative environment, the priority of the archaeological research for
the protection of archaeological sites and monuments over other public or
private legal goods and the quality of co-operation between Archaeological
Service and owners of technical projects. They are complemented by a
discussion on three open issues, related to the management of the
archaeological heritage in Greece.
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